1. Introduction

I. Fundamental Electromagnetics

1. Electrostatics
2. Magnetostatics
3. Dynamic Fields
4. Plane Waves

II. Applied Electromagnetics

1. Transmission Lines
2. Waveguide
3. Antennas
4. Electromagnetic Interference
5. Microwave Engineering

Appendices

Contents

• Introduction
  1. The Electromagnetic Spectrum                                             1-2
  2. Wireless Communications                                                           1-4
  3. Dealing with Units                                                                1-7

I. Fundamental Electromagnetics

• Electrostatics

2.1       Vectors in the Cartesian Coordinate System             2-2

2.2       Coulomb’s Law                                 2-12

• Electric Field Intensity
• Field Lines

2.3    The Spherical Coordinate System                      2-17

2.4    Line Charges and the Cylindrical Coordinate System      2-21

• Infinite Length Line of Charge
• Ring of Charge

2.5       Surface and Volume Charge                      2-34

• Volume Charge
• Practical Application: Laser Printer

2.6       Electric Flux Density                               2-49

2.7       Gauss’s Law and Applications                       2-55

• Coaxial Cable

2.8       Divergence and the Point Form of Gauss’s Law        2-65

2.9       Electric Potential                                2-72

• Gradient
• Electric Dipole

2.10      Conductors and Ohm’s Law                        2-87

• Current and Current Density
• Joule’s Law

2.11      Dielectrics                                      2-96

• Practical Application: Electret

   Microphone

2.12      Boundary Conditions                          2-102

• Boundary Value Problems

2.13      Capacitance                                      2-112

• Electrostatic Potential Energy
• Practical Application: Electrolytic Capacitors

2.14      Summary                                       2-121

                  Problems                                        2-127

3. Magnetostatics

3.1.         Magnetic Fields and Cross Product               3-3

• Oersted’s Experiment

3.2    Biot-Savart’s Law                                   3-8

• Solenoid
• Surface and Volume Current Densities

3.3       Ampere’s Circuital Law                          3-21

3.4    Curl and the Point Form of Ampere’s Circuital Law  3-33

• Stoke’s Theorem

3.5       Magnetic Flux Density                               3-38

3.6       Magnetic Forces                               3-41

• Force on a Current Element
• Magnetic Torque and Moment
• Practical Application: Loudspeakers

3.7       Magnetic Materials                            3-57

• Other Magnetic Materials

3.8       Boundary Conditions                          3-64

3.9       Inductance and Magnetic Energy                       3-69

• Mutual Inductance
• Magnetic Energy

3.10      Magnetic Circuits                              3-80

• Electromagnets
• Practical Application: Maglev

3.11      Summary                                       3-89

            Problems                                      3-96

4. Dynamic Fields

1.            Current Continuity and Relaxation Time                    4-2

4.2    Wave Fundamentals                             4-5

4.3       Faraday’s Law and Transformer EMF                 4-15

• Transformer EMF
• Transformers
• Point Form of Faraday’s Law

4.4       Faraday’s Law and Motional emf                   4-25

• Generators

4.5       Displacement Current                               4-31

4.6       Maxwell’s Equations                           4-36

4.7       Lossless TEM Waves                                4-37

4.8    Time-Harmonic Fields and Phasors                     4-48

4.9       Summary                                       4-56

            Problems                                      4-57

5.1       General Wave Equations                           5-3

• Time-Harmonic Wave Equations
• Propagating Fields Relation

5.2       Propagation in Lossless, Charge-Free Media         5-15

5.3       Propagation in Dielectrics                          5-18

• Low Loss Dielectrics
• Loss Tangent

5.4       Propagation in Conductors                           5-27

• Current in Conductors

5.5    The Poynting Theorem and Power Transmission       5-34

• UPW Power Transmission

5.6       Polarization                                     5-41

• Practical Application: Liquid

   Crystal Displays

5.7       Reflection and Transmission at Normal Incidence          5-50

• General Case
• Lossless Media
• Good Conductor
• Lossy Media
• Standing Waves
  1.    Reflection and Transmission at Oblique Incidence            5-61

• TE Polarization
• TM Polarization

5.9       Summary                                       5-72

            Problems                                      5-78

II. Applied Electromagnetics

1. 1. Distributed Parameter Model                                   6-3

• Telegraphist’s Equations
  1. Time-Harmonic Waves on Transmission Lines          6-12

• Characteristic Impedance
• Lossless Line
• Power Transmission
  1. Terminated T-Lines                               6-23

• Input Impedance
• Complex Loads
• The Complete Circuit
  1. The Smith Chart                              6-33

• Smith Chart Derivation
• Using the Smith Chart
• Impedance Measurement
  1. Impedance Matching                         6-51

• Quarter-Wave Transformer
• Matching with the Smith Chart
• Admittance of Shunt Stubs
• Shunt Stub Matching
  1. Microstrip                                     6-61

• Attenuation
• Other Planar T-Lines
  1. Transients                                      6-75

• Pulse Response
• Practical Application: Schottky-Diode Terminations
• Reactive Loads
• Time Domain Reflectometry
  1. Dispersion                                      6-91
  2. Summary                                      6-101

         Problems                                                         6-105

1. 1.      Rectangular Waveguide Fundamentals       7-3
2. Wave Propagation
3. Waveguide Impedance
4. Practical Application: Microwave Ovens
   1.      Waveguide Field Equations                           7-18
5. TM Mode
6. TE Mode
   1.      Dielectric Waveguide                        7-34

• TE Mode
• TM Mode
• Field Equations
  1.      Optical Fiber                            7-47
• Numerical Aperture
• Signal Degradation
• Attenuation
• Graded-Index Fiber
  1.     Fiber Optic Communication Systems              7-56
• Optical Sources
• Optical Detectors
• Repeaters and Optical Amplifiers
• Connections
  1.      Optical Link Design                             7-64
• Power Budget
• Risetime budget
  1.      Summary                                   7-71
  2.      Suggested References                         7-74

Problems                                                         7-75

1. 1.      General Properties                                   8-3

• Radiated Power
• Radiation Patterns
• Directivity
• Impedance and Efficiency
• A Commercial Antenna
  1.    Electrically Short Antennas                           8-15

• Vector Magnetic Potential
• The Hertzian Dipole
• The Small Loop Antenna
  1.      Dipole Antennas                                    8-28

• Derivation of Fields
• Antenna Properties
• Half-Wave Dipole
  1.    Monopole Antennas                                    8-47

• Image Theory
• Antenna Properties
• Practical Considerations
  1.    Antenna Arrays                             8-52

• Pair of Hertzian Dipoles
• N-Element Linear Array
• Parasitic Arrays
  1.    The Friis Transmission Equation                8-64

• Polarization Effects
• Receiver Matching
  1.      Radar                                      8-75
  2.      Antennas for Wireless Communications              8-78

• Parabolic Reflectors
• Patch Antennas
• Slot Antennas
• Folded Dipole Antennas
  1.      Summary                                   8-82
  2.   Suggested References                         8-89

         Problems                         8-90

1. 1.            Interference Sources                                                   9-3
2. Lightning
3. Electrostatic Discharge
4. Power Disturbance Sources
5. Radio Transmitters
   1.            Passive Circuit Elements                                       9-7
6. Conductors
7. Resistors
8. Inductors
9. Capacitors
   1.            Digital Signals                                                     9-26
   2.            Grounds                                                          9-32
10. Bond Wires
11. Signal Grounds
12. Loop Area
    1.            Shields                                                            9-39
    2.            Filters                                                              9-50
13. Reflective Filters
14. Ferrite Chokes
    1.            Summary                                                        9-59
    2.            Suggested References                                     9-63

Problems                                                         9-64

1. 1. Lumped Element Matching Networks             10-3

10.2      Scattering Parameters                         10-10

• Reciprocal Networks
• Lossless Networks
• Return Loss and Insertion Loss
• Shift in Reference Plane
• The Vector Network Analyzer

10.3       Couplers and Dividers                              10-24

• Circulators
• 3-Port Dividers
• Couplers

10.4       Filters                                    10-36

• Simple Filters
• Multisection Filters
• High-Pass Filter
• Bandpass Filter

10.5       Amplifiers                                      10-55

• Designing Matching Networks
• Balanced Amplifiers
  1. Receiver Design                                                    10-67
• Oscillators
• Mixers
• Microwave CAD
• Practical Application: Radio

   Frequency Identification

1. Summary                                                        10-73

10.8       Suggested References                         10-81

              Problems                                      10-81

Appendices

1. Vector Relations                                                                     App-1
2. Coordinate System Transformations                                               App-5
3. Complex Numbers                                                                     App-9
4. Integrals, Conversions & Constants                                            App-11
5. Material Properties                                                                    App-13

Answers to Selected Problems                                              App-14