Introduction.

1 Synchronous Hierarchical Networks.

1.1 Introduction.

1.2 Switching Hierarchy.

1.3 Digital Subscriber Lines.

1.3.1 2B1Q.

1.3.2 DMT.

1.3.3 CAP.

References.

2 Synchronous Optical Networks SONET/SDH.

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 SONET Frames.

2.3 Virtual Tributaries.

2.4 STS-N Frames.

2.4.1 Concatenation and Super Rates.

2.4.2 Scrambling.

2.4.3 Mapping by Layer.

2.5 Maintenance.

2.6 Summary.

References.

3 Asynchronous Data/Packet Networks.

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Data Traffic Concepts.

3.2.1 Natural Information Rate.

3.2.2 Packet Networks.

3.2.3 Timing Aspects.

3.3 Review of Data Networks.

3.3.1 Ethernet.

3.3.2 FDDI.

3.3.3 Switched Multi-megabit Data Services.

3.3.4 Frame Relay.

3.3.5 Internet Protocol.

3.3.6 IP Telephony or Voice over IP.

3.3.5 FAX over IP.

3.4 Point-to-Point Protocol.

3.5 8B/10B Block Coding Overview.

3.5.1 Example, 3B/4B Block Coding.

3.6 Fiber Channel.

3.7 ESCON.

3.8 FICON.

3.9 Gigabit Ethernet.

3.10 Resilient Packet Ring.

3.11 LAPS.

3.12 Ethernet over LAPS over Legacy SONET/SDH.

3.13 IP over LAPS over SONET/SDH.

3.14 MPLS, MPλS and GMPLS.

3.15 XDLC.

3.16 ATM.

3.16 ATM over SONET/SDH.

References.

4 The Generic Framing Procedure.

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Frame Multiplexing.

4.3 Client Payload Multiplexing.

4.4 GFP Frame Structure.

4.5 Error Control.

4.5.1 Header Error Control.

4.6 Delineation.

4.7 Scrambling.

4.7.1 Frame Structure Payload.

4.8 Idle GFP Frames and Multiplexing.

4.9 GFP Modes.

4.9.1 The Frame-Mapped GFP (GFP-F).

4.9.2 GFP-F Encapsulation—Examples.

4.9.3 The Transparent-Mapped GFP (GFP-T).

4.9.4 GFP-F Encapsulation—Examples.

4.9.5 GFP-F and GFP-T Comparison.

References.

5 Next Generation SONET/SDH.

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 The Next Generation SONET/SDH.

5.3 Contiguous Concatenation.

5.4 Virtual Concatenation.

5.5 LCAS.

5.6 Concatenation Efficiency.

5.7 Data over Next Generation SONET/SDH.

References.

6 Next Generation Optical Networks.

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Next Generation Optical Rings.

6.3 Shared Rings.

6.4 Protection.

6.5 Network Management.

6.6 Bandwidth Management.

6.7 Wavelength Management.

6.8 Service Restoration.

References.

7 Other New Optical Networks.

7.1 The Optical Transport Network.

7.1.1 FEC in OTN.

7.1.2 OPU-k.

7.1.3 ODU-k.

7.1.4 OTU-k.

7.1.5 The Optical Channel.

7.1.6 Optical Channel Carrier and Optical Channel Group.

7.1.7 Nonassociated Overhead.

7.1.8 Mapping in OTN.

7.1.9 Mapping GFP Frames in OPU-k.

7.2 Next Generation SONET/SDH and OTN.

7.3 OTN Summary.

References.

8 NG-S over DWDM, OTN over DWDM, and Experimental Networks.

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 OTN over DWDM.

8.3 Experimental Networks.

8.3.1 Ethernet Passive Optical Networks.

8.3.2 CDWM E-PON.

8.3.2 The Wavelength-Bus.

8.3.3 High-Performance Parallel Interface.

8.3.4 Other Parallel Optical Buses.

8.4 Conclusion.

References.

Appendix A.

Appendix B.

Appendix C.

Acronynms.

Index.